
Account rights
IBAN discrimination: the rule most companies still break
Refusing a foreign euro account is unlawful in the single euro payments area. The rule is one article long and widely ignored.
Payments & Fintech
Industrial digital economy
Card rails, instant transfers, stablecoins and the compliance work that sits under every checkout. Payments journalism tends to describe the checkout button; the interesting part is behind it, in scheme rules written by card networks, in settlement windows, and in the obligations that decide whether a transfer is cheap, slow, reversible or refused outright.
We follow the documents that set those terms: scheme rulebooks and their amendments, central-bank consultations and the responses filed to them, supervisory guidance, and enforcement notices against firms that got it wrong. Enforcement is particularly useful reading, because a penalty notice describes in detail what a company was actually doing, which is rarely what its marketing said. Fees, limits and deadlines are quoted with the document and the date they were taken from.
The section covers consumer payments and the business plumbing underneath with the same attention, including the unglamorous subjects — chargeback mechanics, account-to-account refunds, identity checks at onboarding — that determine whether a payment product is usable by the people it was built for.

Account rights
Refusing a foreign euro account is unlawful in the single euro payments area. The rule is one article long and widely ignored.
Payments & Fintech

Two rights
One comes from a directive, the other from a private rulebook. Confusing them is how a valid claim gets filed in the wrong place.
Payments & Fintech

Clearing
The payment reserved money in seconds. The refund is a new transaction travelling the full route, and nobody is in a hurry.
Payments & Fintech

Authentication
Why some payments ask for a code and some do not. The exemptions are in four articles, and the thresholds are smaller than people assume.
Payments & Fintech

Instant transfers
Instant transfers are irreversible, so European law added a name check before you send. What it checks, and what it leaves with you.
Payments & Fintech

Tokens
A euro token is a claim on an issuer, not a euro. European law now says what that claim must be worth and when.
Payments & Fintech

Card costs
European law caps one component of card acceptance cost. Blended pricing makes the cap invisible to the merchant paying it.
Payments & Fintech

Payments
Digital payments are now part of daily life. We pay for food, games, music, and services with just a few clicks.
Payments & Fintech
Payments & Fintech by the numbers
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